UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK¶
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA¶
GHISLAINE MAXWELL,¶
S1 20 Cr. 330 (AJN)¶
Defendant. :¶
THE GOVERNMENT’S OMNIBUS MEMORANDUM IN OPPOSITION TO THE DEFENDANT’S PRE-TRIAL MOTIONS¶
AUDREY STRAUSS¶
United States Attorney¶
Southern District of New York¶
Attorney for the United States of America¶
Assistant United States Attorneys¶
- Of Counsel -
1¶
EFTA00039421¶
TABLE OF CONTENTS¶
PRELIMINARY STATEMENT …1¶
BACKGROUND …2¶
ARGUMENT …3¶
I. Jeffrey Epstein’s Non-Prosecution Agreement Is Irrelevant to This Case …3¶
A. The NPA Does Not Bind the Southern District of New York …4¶
- The Text of the Agreement Does Not Contain a Promise to Bind Other Districts …5
- The Defendant Has Offered No Evidence That the NPA Binds Other Districts …9 B. The NPA Does Not Immunize Maxwell from Prosecution …15
- The NPA Is Limited to Particular Crimes Between 2001 and 2007 …15
- The NPA Does Not Confer Enforceable Rights on Maxwell …17 C. The Defendant Has Offered No Basis for Additional Discovery or a Hearing …21
II. The Indictment Is Timely …23¶
A. Statutory Background …24 B. The 2003 Amendment to Section 3283 Applies Retroactively …26¶
- The 2003 Amendment Satisfies Step One of Landgraf …28
- The 2003 Amendment Satisfies Step Two of Landgraf …32 C. The Defendant’s Crimes Involved the Sexual Abuse of Minors …36
III. The Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss the Indictment Based on Alleged Improper Pre-Trial Delay Should Be Denied …41¶
A. The Defendant Has Failed to Demonstrate Actual and Substantial Prejudice …42¶
- Applicable Law …42
- Discussion …44 B. The Defendant Has Failed to Establish That the Government Delayed the Indictment for An Improper Purpose …52
- Applicable Law …52
- Discussion …54
IV. The Court Should Deny the Defendant’s Motions to Suppress …59¶
A. Factual Background …61¶
- The Civil Lawsuit against Maxwell …61
- February 2016 Meeting …62
- The April and July 2016 Depositions of Maxwell …64
- The USAO-SDNY Commences the Instant Investigation in 2018 …65
- The USAO-SDNY’s Subpoenas and Ex Parte Applications for Materials …66
- Proceedings before Chief Judge McMahon …68 a. March 26, 2019 Hearing …68 b. April 9, 2019 Hearing …70
i¶
EFTA00039422¶
| Page Number | |
|---|---|
| c. | 71 |
| 7. | 74 |
| 8. | 74 |
| 9. | 75 |
| B. The Defendant’s Suppression Motion Should Be Denied | |
| 1. | 76 |
| a. | 76 |
| b. | 79 |
| 2. | 82 |
| a. | 82 |
| i. | 82 |
| ii. | 84 |
| b. | 86 |
| i. | 86 |
| ii. | 88 |
| c. | 93 |
| i. | 93 |
| ii. | 94 |
| 3. | 96 |
| a. | 96 |
| i. | 96 |
| ii. | 97 |
| iii. | 98 |
| b. | 99 |
| 4. | 103 |
| a. | 104 |
| b. | 107 |
| 5. | 109 |
| a. | 109 |
| b. | 110 |
| 6. | 111 |
| a. | 112 |
| b. | 115 |
ii¶
EFTA00039423¶
VI. Counts Five and Six Are Properly Joined and Should Not Be Severed …138¶
A. Applicable Law …138 B. Discussion …141¶
VII. The Indictment Contains the Elements of Each Offense and Provides the Defendant More Than Adequate Notice of the Charges Against Her …150¶
A. Applicable Law …150 B. Discussion …152¶
VIII. There Is No Basis to Strike Any Portion of the Indictment …157¶
A. Relevant Facts …158 B. Applicable Law …159 C. Discussion …161¶
IX. The Defendant’s Motion to Dismiss Count One or Count Three as Multiplicitous Is Premature …169¶
A. Relevant Facts …169 B. Applicable Law …170 C. Discussion …172¶
X. The Defendant’s Various Disclosure Motions Should be Denied …174¶
A. Bill of Particulars Is Not Warranted …174¶
- Applicable Law …174
- Discussion …178 B. The Defendant’s Requests for Early Production of a Witness List and Jencks Act Material Should Be Denied …182
- Applicable Law …182
- Discussion …184 C. The Defendant’s Additional Requests for Disclosure Should Be Denied …185
XI. The Use of a Grand Jury Siting in White Plains Was Entirely Proper …193¶
A. Background …194¶
- The SDNY and Local Rules for the Division of Business …194
- The SDNY Jury Plan …195 B. Applicable Law …197 C. Discussion …198
- The Defendant Was Properly Indicted by a Grand Jury Sitting in White Plains …198
- The Defendant’s Fair Cross-Section Claim Is Meritless …205 a. The Defendant Has Not Established that Blacks or Hispanics Are Unfairly Represented …205 b. Any Potential Underrepresentation Is Not Due to Systematic Exclusion …210
CONCLUSION …212¶
iii¶
EFTA00039424¶
EXHIBIT LIST¶
iv¶
EFTA00039425¶
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES¶
Page(s)¶
Cases¶
| Reference | Page Number | |
|---|---|---|
| Albright v. Oliver, | 510 U.S. 266 (1993) | 152 |
| Andover Data Serv., a Div. of Players Computer, Inc. v. Statistical Tabulating Corp., | 876 F.2d 1080 (2d Cir. 1989) | 106, 119, 149 |
| Arizona v. Youngblood, | 488 U.S. 51 (1988) | 76 |
| Aronson v. K. Arakelian, Inc., | 154 F.2d 231 (7th Cir. 1946) | 19 |
| Berghuis v. Smith, | 559 U.S. 314 (2010) | 299, 302 |
| Blaszczak, | 17 Cr. 357 (LAK) | 275 |
| Blissett v. Lefevre, | 924 F.2d 434 (2d Cir. 1991) | 158 |
| Blum v. Yaretsky, | 457 U.S. 991 (1982) | 143 |
| Bochese v. Town of Ponce Inlet, | 405 F.3d 964 (11th Cir. 2005) | 24 |
| Botha v. Don King Productions, Inc., | No. 97 Civ. 7587 (JGK), 1998 WL 88745 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 27, 1998) | 148 |
| Boyd v. United States, | 116 U.S. 616 (1886) | 145 |
| Branzburg v. Hayes, | 408 U.S. 665 (1972) | 110 |
| Bridges v. United States, | 346 U.S. 209 (1953) | 53 |
| Bronston v. United States, | 409 U.S. 352 (1973) | 181 |
| Bryson v. United States, | 396 U.S. 64 (1969) | 147 |
| Burgess v. United States, | 552 U.S. 124 (2008) | 51 |
| Caplin & Drysdale, Chartered v. United States, | 491 U.S. 617 (1989) | 159 |
| Carpenter v. United States, | 138 S. Ct. 2206 | passim |
| Chambers v. Mississippi, | 410 U.S. 284 (1973) | 159 |
| Chemical Bank v. Affiliated FM Ins. Co., | 154 F.R.D. 91 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) | passim |
V¶
EFTA00039426¶
| Name | Page Number |
|---|---|
| Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., | 51 |
| 567 U.S. 142 (2012) | |
| Colorado v. Connelly, | 51 |
| 479 U.S. 157 (1986) | 139, 141, 142 |
| Colorado v. Spring, | 138 |
| 479 U.S. 564 (1987) | |
| County of Sacramento v. Lewis, | 152 |
| 523 U.S. 833 (1998) | |
| Cruz v. Maypa, | 152 |
| 773 F.3d 138 (4th Cir. 2014) | 43 |
| Davis v. United States, | 122 |
| 564 U.S. 229 (2011) | |
| Doe 1 v. United States, | 14 |
| 359 F. Supp. 3d 1201 (S.D. Fla. 2019) | |
| Doe No. 1 v. United States, | 173, 174, 176 |
| 749 F.3d 999 (11th Cir. 2014) | |
| Dowling v. United States, | 76 |
| 493 U.S. 342 (1990) | |
| Duren v. Missouri, | 76 |
| 439 U.S. 357 (1979) | 289, 296 |
| Edwards v. Mazzuca, | 234 |
| No. 00 Civ. 2290 (RJS), 2007 WL 2994449 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 15, 2007) | |
| Falter v. United States, | 45 |
| 23 F.2d 420 (2d Cir. 1928) | |
| Fisher v. United States, | 140, 146 |
| 425 U.S. 391 (1976) | |
| Flagg v. Yonkers Sav. & Loan Ass’n, | 143 |
| 396 F.3d 178 (2d Cir. 2005) | |
| Franks v. Delaware, | 166, 169, 170, 171 |
| 438 U.S. 154 (1978) | |
| Gatto, | 275 |
| 17 Cr. 686 (LAK) | |
| Golino v. City of New Haven, | 125 |
| 950 F.2d 864 (2d Cir. 1991) | |
| Graham v. Connor, | 151 |
| 490 U.S. 386 (1989) | |
| Grant v. United States, | 164 |
| 282 F.2d 165 (2d Cir. 1960) | |
| Greer v. Miller, | 158 |
| 483 U.S. 756 (1987) | |
| Grunewald v. United States, | 248 |
| 353 U.S. 391 (1957) | |
| Hamling v. United States, | 225, 227 |
| 418 U.S. 87 (1974) |
vi¶
EFTA00039427¶
| Name | Page Number |
|---|---|
| Hemphill v. United States, 392 F.2d 45 (8th Cir. 1968) | 268 |
| Herring v. United States, 555 U.S. 135 (2009) | 123 |
| Howell v. Superintendent Rockview SCI, 939 F.3d 260 (2d Cir. 2019) | 302 |
| Huddleston v. United States, 485 U.S. 681 (1988) | 254 |
| In re Enter. Mort. Acceptance Co. Sec. Litig. (“Enterprise”, ), 391 F.3d 401 (2d Cir. 2004) | 36, 43, 44 |
| In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated Apr. 19, 1991, 945 F.2d 1221 (2d Cir. 1991) | 108, 113 |
| In re Grand Jury Subpoena Duces Tecum Dated Oct. 29, 1992, 1 F.3d 87 (2d Cir. 1993) | 140, 145 |
| In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 826 F.2d 1166 (1987) | 136 |
| In re Grand Jury Subpoena, 836 F.2d 1468 (4th Cir. 1988) | 149 |
| In re Three Grand Jury Subpoenas Duces Tecum Dated Jan. 29, 1999, 191 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 1999) | 139 |
| In Re Three Grand Jury Subpoenas Jan. 5, 1988, 847 F.2d 1024 (2d Cir. 1988) | 136 |
| In re U.S., 834 F.2d 283 (2d Cir. 1987) | 284 |
| In re Various Grand Jury Subpoenas, 924 F. Supp. 2d 549 (S.D.N.Y. 2013), aff’d, 579 F. App’x 37 (2d Cir. 2014) | 140 |
| Int'l Equity Invs., Inc. v. Opportunity Equity Partners Ltd., No. 05 Civ. 2745 (JGK) (RLE), 2010 WL 779314 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 2, 2010) | 111 |
| Johnson v. United States, 520 U.S. 461 (1997) | 200 |
| Kungys v. United States, 485 U.S. 759 (1988) | 222 |
| Landgraf v. USI Film Products, 511 U.S. 244 (1994) | 35, 36, 41, 42 |
| Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1 (2004) | 56, 57 |
| Madanes v. Madanes, 186 F.R.D. 279 (S.D.N.Y. 1999) | 141 |
| Martindell v. Int'l Tel. and Tel. Corp., 594 F.2d 291 (2d Cir. 1979) | passim |
| Martinez v. McAleenan, 385 F. Supp. 3d 349 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) | 150, 151 |
| Michigan v. Tucker, 417 U.S. 433 (1974) | 137 |
vii¶
EFTA00039428¶
| Author | Year | Page Number |
|---|---|---|
| Miller v. Pate, | 386 U.S. 1 (1967) | 157, 174, 175 |
| Mills v. Scully, | 826 F.2d 1192 (2d Cir. 1987) | 158 |
| Minnesota v. Murphy, | 465 U.S. 420 (1984) | 144 |
| Murray v. Met. Life Ins. Co., | 583 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2009) | 223 |
| Nijhawan v. Holder, | 557 U.S. 29 (2009) | 56 |
| Nix v. Williams, | 467 U.S. 431 (1984) | 132, 133 |
| North Carolina v. Pearce, | 395 U.S. 711 (1969) | 259 |
| Oregon v. Elstad, | 470 U.S. 298 (1985) | 139, 141 |
| Palmieri v. State of N.Y., | 779 F.2d 861 (2d Cir. 1985) | 108, 112, 114 |
| Rakas v. Illinois, | 439 U.S. 128 (1978) | 115, 116, 118 |
| Ratzlaf v. United States, | 510 U.S. 135 (1994) | 165 |
| Rawlings v. Kentucky, | 448 U.S. 98 (1980) | 116 |
| Richardson v. Marsh, | 481 U.S. 200 (1987) | 212 |
| Rivera v. United States, | 928 F.2d 592 (2d Cir. 1991) | 168, 172 |
| Rochin, | 342 U.S., 72 S. Ct. 205 | 153 |
| Rosencrans v. United States, | 165 U.S. 257 (1897) | 296 |
| Russell v. United States, | 369 U.S. 749 (1962) | 229 |
| Rutenberg v. United States, | 245 U.S. 480 (1918) | 292 |
| Salinas v. United States, | 522 U.S. 52 (1997) | 245 |
| Santobello v. United States, | No. 94 Cr. (RPP), 1998 WL 113950 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 13, 1998) | 21 |
| Sch. Dist. No. 7, | 167 F.3d 784 (2d Cir. 1999) | 61 |
| SEC v. TheStreet.com, | 273 F.3d 222 (2d Cir. 2001) | 109, 113 |
viii¶
EFTA00039429¶
| Reference | Page Number | |
|---|---|---|
| Silver, | 15 Cr. 93 (VEC) | 275 |
| Skelos, | 15 Cr. 317 (KMW) | 275 |
| Smith v. Maryland, | 442 U.S. 735 (1979) | 117, 118 |
| Stogner v. California, | 539 U.S. 607 (2003) | 45 |
| Swain v. Alabama, | 380 U.S. 202 (1965) | 300 |
| Taylor v. Louisiana, | 419 U.S. 522 (1975) | 299, 300 |
| Taylor v. United States, | 495 U.S. 575 (1990) | 56 |
| Thom v. Ashcroft, | 369 F.3d 158 (2d Cir. 2004) | 47 |
| Toussie v. United States, | 397 U.S. 112 (1970) | 48 |
| United State v. Nader, | 425 F. Supp. 3d 619 (E.D. Va. 2019) | passim |
| United States v. Ahmad, | 992 F. Supp. 682 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) | 166 |
| United States v. Ahmed, | No. 10 Cr. 131 (PKC), 2011 WL 5041456 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 21, 2011) | 243 |
| United States v. Al Kassar, | 660 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2011) | 154 |
| United States v. Alameh, | 341 F.3d 167 (2d Cir. 2003) | 77, 78, 81 |
| United States v. Alberti, | 568 F.2d 617 (2d Cir. 1977) | 187 |
| United States v. Aleman, | 286 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2002) | 27 |
| United States v. Alfonso, | 143 F.3d 772 (2d Cir. 1998) | 226 |
| United States v. Amato, | 15 F.3d 230 (2d Cir. 1994) | 209 |
| United States v. An Antique Platter of Gold, | 184 F.3d 131 (2d Cir. 1999) | 222 |
| United States v. Anderson, | 747 F.3d 51 (2d Cir. 2014) | 212 |
| United States v. Anderson, | 772 F.3d 969 (2d Cir. 2014) | 162 |
| United States v. Annabi, | 10 Cr. 07 (CM) | 286 |
ix¶
EFTA00039430¶
| United States v. Annabi, | 5, 7, 8 |
|---|---|
| 771 F.2d 670 (2d Cir. 1985) | |
| United States v. Annabi, | |
| 771 F.2d 670 (2d Cir. 1985), aff'd, 867 F.2d 1425 (2d Cir. 1988) | 5 |
| United States v. Ariici, | |
| 12 Cr. 24 (LAP) | 286 |
| United States v. Arzberger, | |
| 592 F. Supp. 2d 590 (S.D.N.Y. 2008) | 151 |
| United States v. Ash, | |
| 464 F. Supp. 3d 621 (S.D.N.Y. 2020) | 145 |
| United States v. Ashburn, | |
| 76 F. Supp. 3d 401 (E.D.N.Y. 2014) | 126 |
| United States v. Awadallah, | |
| 349 F.3d 42 (2d Cir. 2003) | 166, 168 |
| United States v. Bahna, | |
| 68 F.3d 19 (2d Cir. 1995) | passim |
| United States v. Balde, | |
| 20 Cr. 281 (KPF) | 298 |
| United States v. Barlow, | |
| 732 F. Supp. 2d 1 (E.D.N.Y. 2010) | 300 |
| United States v. Barlow, | |
| 732 F. Supp. 2d 1 (E.D.N.Y. 2010), aff'd, 479 F. App'x 372 (2d Cir. 2012) | 300, 302 |
| United States v. Barnes, | |
| 520 F. Supp. 2d 510 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) | 300 |
| United States v. Batchelder, | |
| 442 U.S. 114 (1979) | 265 |
| United States v. Bejasa, | |
| 904 F.2d 137 (2d Cir. 1990) | 274 |
| United States v. Bellomo, | |
| 263 F. Supp. 2d 561 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) | 268 |
| United States v. Ben Zvi, | |
| 242 F.3d 89 (2d Cir. 2001) | 41 |
| United States v. Benussi, | |
| 216 F. Supp. 2d 299 (S.D.N.Y. 2002) | 248, 250 |
| United States v. Biaggi, | |
| 675 F. Supp. 790 (S.D.N.Y. 1987) | 268 |
| United States v. Biaggi, | |
| 909 F.2d 662 (2d Cir. 1990) | 298, 300 |
| United States v. Bin Laden, | |
| 91 F. Supp. 2d 600 (S.D.N.Y. 2000) | 240 |
| United States v. Birney, | |
| 686 F.2d 102 (2d Cir. 1982) | 61, 65 |
| United States v. Birrell, | |
| 470 F.2d 113 (2d Cir. 1972) | 183 |
X¶
EFTA00039431¶
| United States v. Blakney, | 205, 219 |
|---|---|
| 941 F.2d 114 (2d Cir. 1991) | |
| United States v. Blaszczak, | 279 |
| 308 F. Supp. 3d 736 (S.D.N.Y. 2018) | |
| United States v. Block, | 267 |
| No. 16 Cr. 595 (JPO), 2017 WL 1608905 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 28, 2017) | |
| United States v. Bonacorsa, | 199 |
| 528 F.2d 1218 (2d Cir. 1976) | 180, 190, 197, 199 |
| United States v. Bonventre, | 271 |
| 646 F App'x 73 (2d Cir. 2016) | |
| United States v. Bortnovsky, | 274 |
| 820 F.2d 572 (2d Cir. 1987) | 266, 267, 274 |
| United States v. Botti, | 218 |
| No. 08 Cr. 230 (CSH), 2009 WL 3157582 (D. Conn. Sept. 25, 2009) | |
| United States v. Brand, | 236 |
| 467 F.3d 179 (2d Cir. 2006) | |
| United States v. Brand, | 75 |
| 556 F.2d 1312 (5th Cir. 1977) | |
| United States v. Brand, | 257 |
| No. 04 Cr. 194 (PKL), 2005 WL 77055 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 12, 2005) | |
| United States v. Broccolo, | 217 |
| 797 F. Supp. 1185 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) | 207, 214, 217 |
| United States v. Brown, | 170 |
| 744 F. Supp. 558 (S.D.N.Y. 1990) | |
| United States v. Brown, | 34, 39 |
| 800 F. App'x 455 (9th Cir. 2020), cert denied, No. 20-5064, -- S.Ct. -- , 2021 WL 78235 (Jan. 11, 2021) | |
| United States v. Brown, | 216 |
| No. 99-1230, 2002 WL 34244994, at (2d Cir. Apr. 26, 2002) | |
| United States v. Bruno, | 6 |
| 159 F. Supp. 3d 311 (E.D.N.Y. 2016) | |
| United States v. Bunn, | 7 |
| 154 F. App'x 227 (2d Cir. 2005) | |
| United States v. Burke, | 237 |
| No. 09 Cr. 135 (SJ), 2011 WL 2609837 (E.D.N.Y. July 1, 2011) | 82 |
| United States v. Butler, | 243 |
| 351 F. Supp. 121 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) | |
| United States v. Butler, | 208, 211 |
| No. 04 Cr. 340, 2004 WL 2274751 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 7, 2004) | |
| United States v. Calandra, | 414 U.S. 338 (1974) |
| 110 | |
| United States v. Caming, | 968 F.2d 232 (2d Cir. 1992) |
| 165 |
xi¶
EFTA00039432¶
| United States v. Campo Flores, No. 15 Cr. 765 (PAC), 2016 WL 5946472 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 12, 2016) | 281, 282 |
|---|---|
| United States v. Canfield, 212 F.3d 713 (2d Cir. 2000) | 167 |
| United States v. Canter, 338 F. Supp. 2d 460 (S.D.N.Y. 2004) | 283 |
| United States v. Carbonaro, No. 02 Cr. 743 (RCC), 2004 WL 2222145 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 30, 2004) | 83 |
| United States v. Carpenter, 680 F.3d 1101 (9th Cir. 2012) | 50 |
| United States v. Carson, 464 F.2d 424 (2d Cir. 1972) | 217, 219 |
| United States v. CFW Const. Co., 583 F. Supp. 197 (D. S.C. 1984) | 23 |
| United States v. Chacko, 169 F.3d 140 (2d Cir. 1999) | 259 |
| United States v. Chalmers, 474 F. Supp. 2d 555 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) | 225, 226 |
| United States v. Chambers, 800 F. App'x 43 (2d Cir. 2020) | 69 |
| United States v. Chan Lo, No. 14 Cr. 491 (VSB), 2016 WL 9076234 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 4, 2016), aff'd. 679 F. App'x 79 (2d Cir. 2017) | 183 |
| United States v. Chen, 378 F.3d 151 (2d Cir. 2004) | 271 |
| United States v. Cheung Kin Ping, 555 F.2d 1069 (2d Cir. 1977) | 68, 81 |
| United States v. Chuang, 897 F.2d 646 (2d Cir. 1990) | 115, 116 |
| United States v. Coffey, 361 F. Supp. 2d 102 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) | 228 |
| United States v. Coke, No. 07 Cr. 971 (RPP), 2011 WL 3738969 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 22, 2011) | 153, 160, 163 |
| United States v. Collins, 409 F. Supp. 3d 228 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) | 278 |
| United States v. Concepcion, 983 F.2d 369 (2d Cir. 1992) | 252 |
| United States v. Coppa, 267 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 2001) | 274 |
| United States v. Corbett, 750 F.3d 245 (2d Cir. 2014) | 137 |
| United States v. Cornielle, 171 F.3d 748 (2d Cir. 1999) | 60, 77, 78, 85 |
| United States v. Corr, 543 F.2d 1042 (2d Cir. 1976) | 181 |
xii¶
EFTA00039433¶
| United States v. Countentos, | 57, 58 |
|---|---|
| 651 F.3d 809 (8th Cir. 2011) | |
| United States v. Cromitie, | 154 |
| 727 F.3d 194 (2d Cir. 2019) | |
| United States v. Cromitie, et al., | |
| 09 Cr. 558 (CM) | 286 |
| United States v. Crouch, | 75 |
| 84 F.3d 1497 (5th Cir. 1996) | |
| United States v. D'Amico, | 268 |
| 734 F. Supp. 2d 321 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) | |
| United States v. Davis, | passim |
| 702 F.2d 418 (2d Cir. 1983) | |
| United States v. DeFilippo, | 169 |
| No. 17 Cr. 585 (WHP), 2018 WL 740727 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 31, 2018) | |
| United States v. Delacruz, | 77 |
| 970 F. Supp. 2d 199 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | |
| United States v. DePalma, | 241, 250 |
| 461 F. Supp. 778 (S.D.N.Y. 1978) | |
| United States v. Dewar, | 165 |
| 489 F. Supp. 2d 351 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) | |
| United States v. Diaz, | 251, 253 |
| 176 F.3d 52 (2d Cir. 1999) | |
| United States v. DiGregorio, | 155 |
| 795 F. Supp. 630 (S.D.N.Y. 1992) | |
| United States v. Dodge, | 54 |
| 597 F.3d 1347 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc) | |
| United States v. Dornau, | 73 |
| 356 F. Supp. 1091 (S.D.N.Y. 1973) | |
| United States v. Dorvee, | 236 |
| 616 F.3d 174 (2d Cir. 2010) | |
| United States v. Drago, | 86 |
| No. 18 Cr. 0394 (SJF) (AYS), 2019 WL 3072288 (E.D.N.Y. July 15, 2019) | |
| United States v. Dumitru, | 261 |
| No. 18 Cr. 243 (LAK), 2018 WL 3407703 (S.D.N.Y. June 26, 2018) | |
| United States v. Eldred, | 123 |
| 933 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2019) | |
| United States v. El-Sadig, | 23 |
| 133 F. Supp. 2d 600 (N.D. Ohio 2001) | |
| United States v. Elsbery, | 62, 72 |
| 602 F.2d 1054 (2d Cir. 1979) | |
| United States v. Estrada, | 259 |
| 320 F.3d 173 (2d Cir. 2003) | |
| United States v. Ewell, | 383 U.S. 116 (1966) |
xiii¶
EFTA00039434¶
| United States v. Falso, | 166, 169 |
|---|---|
| 544 F.3d 110 (2d Cir. 2008) | |
| United States v. Farmer, | 179, 180 |
| 137 F.3d 1265 (10th Cir. 1998) | |
| United States v. Feldman, | 8, 20, 27 |
| 939 F.3d 182 (2d Cir. 2019) | |
| United States v. Fennell, | 284, 286 |
| 496 F. Supp. 2d 279 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) | |
| United States v. Figueroa, | 255 |
| 618 F.2d 934 (2d Cir. 1980) | |
| United States v. Fiumano, | 70 |
| No. 14 Cr. 518 (JFK), 2016 WL 1629356 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 25, 2016) | |
| United States v. Florence, | 293 |
| 456 F.2d 46 (4th Cir. 1972) | |
| United States v. Florida West Int'l Airways, Inc., | 23, 24 |
| 853 F. Supp. 2d 1209 (S.D. Fla. 2012) | |
| United States v. Forde, | 182, 184, 200, 222 |
| 740 F. Supp. 2d 406 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) | passim |
| United States v. Gallo, | |
| No. 98 Cr. (JGK), 1999 WL 9848 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 11, 1999) | 275, 281 |
| United States v. Gambino, | 70 |
| 838 F. Supp. 744 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) | |
| United States v. Gaudin, | |
| 515 U.S. 506 (1995) | |
| United States v. Geaney, | |
| 417 F.2d 1116 (2d Cir. 1969) | 284 |
| United States v. Gentile, | |
| 235 F. Supp. 3d 649 (D.N.J. 2017) | 48 |
| United States v. Ghailani, | 155 |
| 751 F. Supp. 2d 502 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) | |
| United States v. Ghavami, | |
| No. 10 Cr. 1217 (KMW), 2012 WL 2878126 (S.D.N.Y. July 13, 2012) | 262 |
| United States v. Gibson, | |
| 175 F. Supp. 2d 532 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) | 268 |
| United States v. Gilbert, | |
| 266 F.3d 1180 (9th Cir. 2001) | 62 |
| United States v. Gillette, | |
| 383 F.2d 843 (2d Cir. 1967) | 165 |
| United States v. Gonzalez, | |
| No. 00 Cr. 447, 2000 WL 1721171 | 85 |
| United States v. Gottfried, | |
| 165 F.2d 360 (2d Cir. 1948) | 292 |
| United States v. Gracesqui, | |
| No. 10 Cr. 74 (PKC), 2015 WL 5231168 n.2 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 8, 2015), aff’d, 730 F. App’x 25 (2d Cir. 2018) | 209 |
xiv¶
EFTA00039435¶
| United States v. Green, | 124 |
|---|---|
| 981 F.3d 945 (11th Cir. 2020) | |
| United States v. Greer, | 72 |
| 956 F. Supp. 525 (D. Vt. 1997) | |
| United States v. Griffith, | 264 |
| No. 99 Cr. (HB), 2000 WL 1253265 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 5, 2000) | |
| United States v. Guerrier, | 286 |
| 18 Cr. 284 (JSR) | |
| United States v. Guzman, | 300 |
| 337 F. Supp. 140 (S.D.N.Y. 1972) | |
| United States v. Halkbank, | 261 |
| No. 15 Cr. 867 (RMB), 2020 WL 5849512 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 1, 2020) | |
| United States v. Hallahan, | 19 |
| 756 F.3d 962 (7th Cir. 2014) | |
| United States v. Halper, | 216 |
| 590 F.2d 422 (2d Cir. 1978) | |
| United States v. Haqq, | 115 |
| 278 F.3d 44 (2d Cir. 2002) | |
| United States v. Harrison, | 72 |
| 764 F. Supp. 29 (S.D.N.Y. 1991) | |
| United States v. Hastings, | 160 |
| 461 U.S. 499 (1983) | |
| United States v. Heath, | 132, 133 |
| 455 F.3d 52 (2d Cir. 2006) | |
| United States v. Henderson, | 61, 62 |
| 337 F.3d 914 (7th Cir. 2003) | |
| United States v. Henry, | 269 |
| 861 F. Supp. 1190 (S.D.N.Y. 1994) | |
| United States v. Herbert, | 293 |
| 698 F.2d 981 (9th Cir. 1983) | |
| United States v. Hernandez, | 242 |
| 85 F.3d 1023 (2d Cir. 1996) | |
| United States v. Hester, | 211 |
| No. 19 Cr. 324 (NSR), 2020 WL 3483702 (S.D.N.Y. June 26, 2020) | |
| United States v. Heyward, | 154 |
| No. 10 Cr. 84 (LTS), 2010 WL 4484642 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 9, 2010) | |
| United States v. Hillegas, | 79 |
| 578 F.2d 453 (2d Cir. 1978) | |
| United States v. Hoo, | 78 |
| 825 F.2d 667 (2d Cir. 1987) | |
| United States v. Hsia, | 249 |
| 24 F. Supp. 2d 14 (D.D.C. 1998) | |
| United States v. Iannelli, | 461 F.2d 483 (2d Cir. 1972) |
XV¶
EFTA00039436¶
| United States v. Israel, | 286 |
|---|---|
| 05 Cr. 1039 (CM) | |
| United States v. Jackman, | |
| 46 F.3d 1240 (2d Cir. 1995) | 300, 301 |
| United States v. Jeffries, | |
| 405 F.3d 682 (8th Cir. 2005) | 33, 37, 38, 46 |
| United States v. Jenkins, | |
| 727 F. App’x 732 (2d Cir. 2018) | 194 |
| United States v. Jennings, | |
| 960 F.2d 1488 (9th Cir. 1992) | 162 |
| United States v. Jimenez, | |
| 824 F. Supp. 351 (S.D.N.Y. 1993) | 240, 268 |
| United States v. Johns, | |
| 15 F.3d 740 (8th Cir. 1994) | 37 |
| United States v. Johnson, | |
| 21 F. Supp. 2d 329 (S.D.N.Y. 1998) | 294 |
| United States v. Jones, | |
| 482 F.3d 60 (2d Cir. 2006) | 259 |
| United States v. Josephberg, | |
| 459 F.3d 350 (2d Cir. 2006) | passim |
| United States v. Kaplan, | |
| 758 F. App’x 34 (2d Cir. 2018) | 182 |
| United States v. Kenny, | |
| 883 F. Supp. 869 (E.D.N.Y. 1995) | 294 |
| United States v. Kidd, | |
| 386 F. Supp.3d 364 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) | 231, 232 |
| United States v. King, | |
| 560 F.2d 122 (2d Cir. 1977) | 64 |
| United States v. Kozel, | |
| No. 19 Cr. 460 (KMW), 2020 WL 4751498 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2020) | 236 |
| United States v. Kross, | |
| 14 F.3d 751 (2d Cir. 1994) | 183, 221, 222 |
| United States v. LaFlam, | |
| 369 F.3d 153 (2d Cir. 2004) | 254 |
| United States v. Lahey, | |
| 967 F. Supp. 2d 698 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | 168 |
| United States v. Lambus, | |
| 897 F.3d 368 (2d Cir. 2018) | passim |
| United States v. Laskow, | |
| 688 F. Supp. 851 (E.D.N.Y. 1988) | 8 |
| United States v. Laskow, | |
| 688 F. Supp. 851 (E.D.N.Y. 1988) (tbl.) | 5 |
| United States v. Laurenti, | |
| 581 F.2d 37 (2d Cir. 1978) | 79 |
xvi¶
EFTA00039437¶
| United States v. Lawson, | 60, 78 |
|---|---|
| 683 F.2d 688 (2d Cir. 1982) | |
| United States v. Leo Sure Chief, | |
| 438 F.3d 920 (9th Cir. 2006) | 33, 38, 46 |
| United States v. Leon, | |
| 468 U.S. 897 (1984) | 124, 125 |
| United States v. Leonelli, | |
| 428 F. Supp. 880 (S.D.N.Y. 1977) | 268 |
| United States v. Levy, | |
| No. 11 Cr. 62 (PAC), 2013 WL 664712 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 25, 2013) | 267 |
| United States v. Lighte, | |
| 782 F.2d 367 (2d Cir. 1986) | passim |
| United States v. Loera, | |
| 333 F. Supp. 3d 172 (E.D.N.Y. 2018) | 152 |
| United States v. Long, | |
| 697 F. Supp. 651 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) | 65 |
| United States v. Lopez, | |
| 944 F.2d 33 (1st Cir. 1991) | 21, 26 |
| United States v. Lovasco, | |
| 431 U.S. 783 (1977) | 76, 79, 80, 82 |
| United States v. Mahabub, | |
| No. 13 Cr. 908 (AJN), 2014 WL 4243657 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 26, 2014) | 266, 268, 269 |
| United States v. Mandell, | |
| 710 F. Supp. 2d 368 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) | 267 |
| United States v. Marcus, | |
| 628 F.3d 36 (2d Cir. 2010) | 248 |
| United States v. Mariamma Vijua, | |
| No. 15 Cr. 240, 2016 WL 107841 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 11, 2016) | 22 |
| United States v. Marion, | |
| 404 U.S. 307 (1971) | 59, 63, 72 |
| United States v. Markiewicz, | |
| 978 F.2d 786 (2d Cir. 1992) | 178, 180, 187, 198 |
| United States v. Martin, | |
| 426 F.3d 68 (2d Cir. 2005) | 167 |
| United States v. Martinez, | |
| No. 92 Cr. (SWK), 1993 WL 322768 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 19, 1993) | 216 |
| United States v. Martinez, | |
| No. 94 Cr. (RPP), 1995 WL 10849 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 12, 1995) | 77 |
| United States v. Mason, | |
| 479 F. App.'x 397 (2d Cir. 2012) | 248 |
| United States v. Mast, | |
| 735 F.2d 745 (2d Cir. 1984) | 144 |
| United States v. McCourty, | |
| 562 F.3d 458 (2d Cir. 2009) | 260 |
xvii¶
EFTA00039438¶
| United States v. McDarrah, | 257 |
|---|---|
| 351 F. App'x 558 (2d Cir. 2009) | |
| United States v. Medina, | 261 |
| No. 13 Cr. 272 (PGG), 2014 WL 3057917 (S.D.N.Y. July 7, 2014) | |
| United States v. Miller, | 252, 292 |
| 116 F.3d 641 (2d Cir. 1997) | |
| United States v. Miller, | 161 |
| 425 U.S. 435 (1976) | |
| United States v. Miller, | 116, 117, 119 |
| 911 F.3d 638 (1st Cir. 2018) | |
| United States v. Ming He, | 44 |
| 94 F.3d 782 (2d Cir. 1996) | |
| United States v. Mitan, | 218 |
| No. 08-760, 2009 WL 2328870 (E.D. Pa. July 28, 2009) | |
| United States v. Mitchell, | 144 |
| 966 F.2d 92 (2d Cir. 1992) | |
| United States v. Millof, | 125 |
| 165 F. Supp. 2d 558 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) | |
| United States v. Monserrate, | 268 |
| No. 10 Cr. 965 (CM), 2011 WL 3480957 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 4, 2011) | |
| United States v. Montoya-Eschevarria, | 267 |
| 892 F. Supp. 104 (S.D.N.Y. 1995) | |
| United States v. Moore, | 118 |
| 968 F.2d 216 (2d Cir. 1992) | |
| United States v. Morgan, | 125 |
| 113 F.3d 1230, 1997 WL 268712 (2d Cir. 1997) (unpublished opinion) | |
| United States v. Mostafa, | 45 |
| 965 F. Supp. 2d 451 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | |
| United States v. Mulder, | 242, 243, 247, 262 |
| 273 F.3d 91 (2d Cir. 2001) | |
| United States v. Mullens, | 241, 242 |
| 536 F.2d 997 (2d Cir. 1976) | |
| United States v. Murgio, | 139 |
| 209 F. Supp. 3d 698 (S.D.N.Y. 2016) | |
| United States v. Muric, | 231, 241, 247 |
| No. 10 Cr. 112 (LTS), 2010 WL 2891178 (S.D.N.Y. July 13, 2010) | |
| United States v. Myers, | 86 |
| 692 F.2d 823 (2d Cir. 1982) | |
| United States v. Napolitano, | 153, 161 |
| 552 F. Supp. 465 (S.D.N.Y. 1982) | |
| United States v. Nejad, | 241 |
| No. 18 Cr. 224 (AJN), 2019 WL 6702361 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 9, 2019) | |
| United States v. Nersesian, | 225 |
| 824 F.2d 1294 (2d Cir. 1987) |
xviii¶
EFTA00039439¶
| United States v. Nitsche, | 201, 202 |
|---|---|
| 843 F. Supp. 2d 4 (D.D.C. 2011) | |
| United States v. Nixon, | 282 |
| 418 U.S. 683 (1974) | |
| United States v. Noble, | |
| No. 07 Cr. 284 (RJS), 2008 WL 140966 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 11, 2008) | 164 |
| United States v. Okwumabua, | 138 |
| 828 F.2d 950 (2d Cir. 1987) | |
| United States v. Olivieri, | 146 |
| 740 F. Supp. 2d 423 (S.D.N.Y. 2010) | |
| United States v. Oshatz, | 252 |
| 700 F. Supp. 696 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) | 147, 148 |
| United States v. Page, | |
| 657 F.3d 126 (2d Cir. 2011) | 205, 209, 210, 220 |
| United States v. Pascarella, | |
| 84 F.3d 61 (2d Cir. 1996) | 253 |
| United States v. Paulino, | |
| 445 F.3d 211 (2d Cir. 2006) | 253 |
| United States v. Payner, | |
| 447 U.S. 727 (1980) | 115, 161, 162 |
| United States v. Pena, | |
| 932 F. Supp. 2d 464 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | 221 |
| United States v. Perez, | |
| 940 F. Supp. 540 (S.D.N.Y.1996) | 281 |
| United States v. Pierre-Louis, | |
| No. 16 Cr. 541 (CM), 2018 WL 4043140 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 9, 2018) | passim |
| United States v. Pipola, | |
| 83 F.3d 556 (2d Cir. 1996) | 253 |
| United States v. Pirro, | |
| 212 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2000) | 229 |
| United States v. Pizarro, | |
| No. 17 Cr. 151 (AJN), 2018 WL 1737236 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 10, 2018) | passim |
| United States v. Plaza-Andrades, | |
| 507 F. App'x 22 (2d Cir. 2013) | 291 |
| United States v. Polos, | |
| 723 F. App'x 64 (2d Cir. 2018) | 195 |
| United States v. Post, | |
| 950 F. Supp. 2d 519 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | 226 |
| United States v. Potamitis, | |
| 739 F.2d 784 (2d Cir. 1984) | passim |
| United States v. Prisco, | |
| 391 F. App'x 920 (2d Cir. 2010) | 4 |
| United States v. Quinones, | |
| 511 F.3d 289 (2d Cir. 2007) | 251 |
xix¶
EFTA00039440¶
| United States v. Rahimi, No. 16 Cr. 760 (RMB), 2017 WL 2984169 (S.D.N.Y. June 22, 2017) | 225 |
|---|---|
| United States v. Rahman, 189 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1999) | 154 |
| United States v. Rajaratnam, No. 09 Cr. 1184 (RJH), 2010 WL 4867402 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 24, 2010) | 172 |
| United States v. Rammath, 131 F.3d 132 (2d Cir. 1997) | 300 |
| United States v. Raymonda, 780 F.3d 105 (2d Cir. 2015) | 124 |
| United States v. Reeves, et al., 16 Cr. 372 (VEC) | 286 |
| United States v. Remington, 208 F.2d 567 (2d Cir. 1953) | 146 |
| United States v. Resendiz-Ponce, 549 U.S. 102 (2007) | 227, 235 |
| United States v. Ricco, 549 F.2d 264 (2d Cir. 1977) | 61 |
| United States v. Richardson, 512 F.2d 105 (3d Cir. 1975) | 49 |
| United States v. Richardson, 537 F.3d 951 (8th Cir. 2008) | 293 |
| United States v. Rioux, 930 F. Supp. 1558 (D. Conn. 1995) | 297, 298 |
| United States v. Rioux, 97 F.3d 648 (2d Cir. 1996) | passim |
| United States v. Rittweger, 259 F. Supp. 2d 275 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) | 268 |
| United States v. Rivera, 546 F.3d 245 (2d Cir. 2008) | 204, 220, 224 |
| United States v. Rivera, No. 09 Cr. 619 (SJF), 2011 WL 1429125, at (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 13, 2011) | 262 |
| United States v. Rivera, No. 16 Cr. 175 (LGS), 2017 WL 1843302 (S.D.N.Y. May 8, 2017) | 274 |
| United States v. Roberts, 660 F.3d 149 (2d Cir. 2011) | 138 |
| United States v. Roberts, 852 F.2d 671 (2d Cir. 1988) | 132 |
| United States v. Rolan-Zapata, 916 F.2d 795 (2d Cir. 1990) | 256 |
| United States v. Rosa, 11 F.3d 315 (2d Cir. 1993) | 253 |
| United States v. Rosa, 626 F.3d 56 (2d Cir. 2010) | 123 |
XX¶
EFTA00039441¶
| Reference | Publication Date | Page Number |
|---|---|---|
| United States v. Rubin, 609 F.2d 51 (2d Cir. 1979) | 61 | |
| United States v. Rubinson, 543 F.2d 951 (2d Cir. 1976) | 81 | |
| United States v. Ruiz, 702 F. Supp. 1066 (S.D.N.Y. 1989) | 214 | |
| United States v. Ruiz, 894 F.2d 501 (2d Cir. 1990) | 207, 213, 214, 217 | |
| United States v. Russo, 483 F. Supp. 2d 301 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) | 274, 282 | |
| United States v. Russo, 801 F.2d 624 (2d Cir. 1986) | 5, 11 | |
| United States v. Rutkoske, 506 F.3d 170 (2d Cir. 2007) | 248 | |
| United States v. Salameh, 152 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1998) | 5, 6, 245 | |
| United States v. Salerno, 481 U.S. 739 (1987) | 151 | |
| United States v. Salmonese, 352 F.3d 608 (2d Cir. 2003) | 247, 249 | |
| United States v. Sampson, 385 F.3d 183 (2d Cir. 2004) | 208 | |
| United States v. Sampson, 898 F.3d 270 (2d Cir. 2018) | 200, 201 | |
| United States v. Sampson, 898 F.3d 287 (2d Cir. 2018) | 177, 178, 188 | |
| United States v. Samsonov, No. 07 Cr. 1198 (CM), 2009 WL 176721 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 23, 2009) | 269 | |
| United States v. Santiago, 987 F. Supp. 2d 465 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | 75 | |
| United States v. Sarwari, 669 F.3d 401 (4th Cir. 2012) | 179, 180 | |
| United States v. Sattar, 272 F. Supp. 2d 348 (S.D.N.Y. 2003) | 27 | |
| United States v. Savage, 970 F.3d 217 (3d Cir. 2020) | 302 | |
| United States v. Scala, 388 F. Supp. 2d 396 (S.D.N.Y. 2005) | 67, 68, 71 | |
| United States v. Scarpa, 897 F.2d 63 (2d Cir. 1990) | 69 | |
| United States v. Scarpa, 913 F.2d 993 (2d Cir. 1990) | passim | |
| United States v. Schaefer, No. 17 Cr. 400 (HZ), 2019 WL 267711 (D. Or. Jan. 17, 2019) | 121 |
xxi¶
EFTA00039442¶
| United States v. Schafrick, 871 F.2d 300 (2d Cir. 1989) | 182 |
|---|---|
| United States v. Schmidt, 105 F.3d 82 (2d Cir. 1997) | 153, 154 |
| United States v. Schneider, 801 F.3d 186 (3d Cir. 2015) | 51, 52, 54, 57 |
| United States v. Seabrook, No. 10 Cr. 87 (DAB), 2010 WL 5174353 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 14, 2010) | 282 |
| United States v. Sensi, No. 08 Cr. 253, 2010 WL 2351484 (D. Conn. June 7, 2010) | 34, 52 |
| United States v. Sergentakis, No. 05 Cr. 230 (JFK), 2005 WL 1994014 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 17, 2005) | 275 |
| United States v. Serrano, No. 13 Cr. 58 (KBF), 2014 WL 2696569 (S.D.N.Y. June 10, 2014) | 126 |
| United States v. Shaw, 260 F. Supp. 2d 567 (E.D.N.Y. 2003) | 165, 171 |
| United States v. Sliker, 751 F.2d 477 (2d Cir. 1984) | 255 |
| United States v. Smith, 985 F. Supp. 2d 547 (S.D.N.Y. 2014) | 241, 243, 247 |
| United States v. Smith, No. 05 Cr. 922 (DLC), 2007 WL 980431 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 3, 2007), aff’d, F. App’x 636 (2d Cir. 2009) | 206 |
| United States v. Snyder, 668 F.2d 686 (2d Cir. 1982) | 63, 78 |
| United States v. Soares, 66 F. Supp. 2d 391 (E.D.N.Y. 1999) | 295 |
| United States v. Spears, 159 F.3d 1081 (7th Cir. 1999) | 62, 66, 67 |
| United States v. Sprouts, 282 F.3d 1037 (8th Cir. 2002) | 63 |
| United States v. Stavroulakis, 952 F.2d 686 (2d Cir. 1992) | 225, 233 |
| United States v. Stein, 456 F.2d 844 (2d Cir. 1972) | 68 |
| United States v. Stein, 541 F.3d 130 (2d Cir. 2008) | 142, 143 |
| United States v. Stokes, 733 F.3d 438 (2d Cir. 2013) | 124, 132 |
| United States v. Stringer, 730 F.3d 120 (2d Cir. 2013) | 228, 229, 231 |
| United States v. Strohm, 671 F.3d 1173 (10th Cir. 2011) | 180, 190 |
| United States v. Swanson, 210 F.3d 788 (7th Cir. 2000) | 170 |
xxii¶
EFTA00039443¶
| United States v. Sweig, | 207, 211, 217 |
|---|---|
| 441 F.2d 114 (2d Cir. 1971) | |
| United States v. Tanu, | 79 |
| 589 F.2d 82 (2d Cir. 1978) | |
| United States v. Thai, | 252 |
| 29 F.3d 785 (2d Cir. 1994) | |
| United States v. Thompson, | 281, 284 |
| 13 Cr. 378 (AJN), 2013 WL 6246489 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 3, 2013) | |
| United States v. Thompson, | 236 |
| 896 F.3d 155 (2d Cir. 2018) | |
| United States v. Thompson, | 274 |
| No. 13 Cr. 378 (AJN), 2013 WL 6246489 (S.D.N.Y. Dec. 3, 2013) | |
| United States v. Torres, | 266, 268, 271 |
| 901 F.2d 205 (2d Cir. 1990) | |
| United States v. Towne, | 251 |
| 870 F.2d 880 (2d Cir. 1989) | |
| United States v. Tracy, | 283 |
| 12 F.3d 1186 (2d Cir. 1993) | |
| United States v. Tramunti, | 225, 233 |
| 513 F.2d 1087 (2d Cir. 1975) | |
| United States v. Tranquillo, | 284 |
| 606 F. Supp. 2d 370 (S.D.N.Y. 2009) | |
| United States v. Trippe, | 267 |
| 171 F. Supp. 2d 230 (S.D.N.Y. 2001) | |
| United States v. Triumph Capital Group, Inc., | 184, 187 |
| 237 F. App'x 625 (2d Cir. 2007) | |
| United States v. Turoff, | 204 |
| 853 F.2d 1037 (2d Cir. 1988) | |
| United States v. Ulbricht, | 118, 275 |
| No. 14 Cr. 68 (KBF), 2014 WL 5090039 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 10, 2014) | |
| United States v. Urena, | 28, 171 |
| 989 F. Supp. 2d 253 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) | |
| United States v. Valentine, | 156, 157, 158 |
| 820 F.2d 565 (2d Cir. 1987) | |
| United States v. Valona, | 66 |
| 834 F.2d 1334 (7th Cir. 1987) | |
| United States v. Vickers, | 256 |
| 708 F. App'x 732 (2d Cir. 2017) | |
| United States v. Vickers, | passim |
| No. 13 Cr. 128 (RJA) (HKS), 2014 WL 1838255 (W.D.N.Y. May 8, 2014) | |
| United States v. Vilar, | 169 |
| No. 05 Cr. 621 (KMK), 2007 WL 1075041 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 4, 2007) | |
| United States v. Villegas, | |
| 899 F.2d 1324 (2d Cir. 1990) |
xxiii¶
EFTA00039444¶
| United States v. Walker,¶
| 191 F.3d 326 (2d Cir. 1999) | 70 |
|---|---|
| United States v. Walsh, | |
| 194 F.3d 37 (2d Cir. 1999) | 228, 266, 271 |
| United States v. Walters, | |
| 910 F.3d 11 (2d Cir. 2018) | 152 |
| United States v. Washington, | |
| 431 U.S. 181 (1977) | 136, 137, 138 |
| United States v. Watson, | |
| 599 F.2d 1149 (2d Cir. 1979) | 78 |
| United States v. Wedd, | |
| No. 15 Cr. 616 (KBF), 2016 WL 1055737 (S.D.N.Y. Mar. 10, 2016) | 271 |
| United States v. Weiner, | |
| 479 F.2d 923 (2d Cir. 1973) | 187 |
| United States v. Werner, | |
| 620 F.2d 922 (2d Cir. 1980) | 205, 206, 208, 223 |
| United States v. Wey, | |
| No. 15 Cr. 611 (AJN), 2017 WL 237651 n.8 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 18, 2017) | 85, 227, 229 |
| United States v. Williams, | |
| 205 F.3d 23 (2d Cir. 2000) | 70 |
| United States v. Williams, | |
| No. 10 Cr. 622 (ADS), 2018 WL 4623017 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 26, 2018) | 123 |
| United States v. Winter, | |
| 348 F.2d 204 (2d Cir. 1965) | 146 |
| United States v. Wong, | |
| 431 U.S. 174 (1977) | 146 |
| United States v. Wright, | |
| 343 F.3d 849 (6th Cir. 2003) | 62 |
| United States v. Ying Lin, | |
| No. 15 Cr. 601 (DLI), 2018 WL 5113139 (E.D.N.Y. Oct. 19, 2018) | 206 |
| United States v. Yonkers Contracting Co., Inc., | |
| 682 F. Supp. 757 (S.D.N.Y. 1988) | 291 |
| United States v. Young, | |
| 08 Cr. 285 (KMK), 2008 WL 4178190 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 4, 2008) | 235 |
| United States v. Young, | |
| No. 08 Cr. 285 (KMK), 2008 WL 4178190 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 4, 2008) | 234 |
| United States v. Zackson, | |
| 12 F.3d 1178 (2d Cir. 1993) | 253 |
| United States v. Zodhiates, | |
| 901 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2018) | 122, 126, 131 |
| Valentine v. Konteh, | |
| 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) | 235 |
| Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., | |
| 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) | 42, 43 |
xxiv¶
EFTA00039445¶
| Washington v. Glucksberg, 521 U.S. 702(1997) | 151 |
| Weingarten v. United States, 865 F.3d 48(2d Cir.2017) | passim |
| Zafiro v. United States, 506 U.S. 534(1993) | 209,210,220 |
| Zicarelli v.Dietz, 633 F.2d 312(3d Cir.1980) | 293 |
| Zietzke v. United States, 426 F. Supp.3d 758(W.D.Wash.2019) | 121 |
Statutes¶
| 18 U.S.C. §1623(a) | 118 |
| 18 U.S.C.§1591 | 152 |
| 18 U.S.C.§1623 | 3,115 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2 | 2,3 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2243 | 155 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2422 | passim |
| 18 U.S.C.§2422(a) | 17 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2422(b) | 17 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2423 | 3,151 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2423(a) | passim |
| 18 U.S.C.§2423(b) | 17,37 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2423(e) | 17 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2703(c)(2) | 87 |
| 18 U.S.C.§2703(d) | 88 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3282 | 24,35 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3283 | passim |
| 18 U.S.C.§3299 | 25 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3500 | 181,184 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3500(a) | 181 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3500(b) | 182 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3509(a) | 37 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3509(a)(8) | 36 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3509(d) | 152 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3509(k) | 24,36 |
| 18 U.S.C.§371 | 2,151,155,168 |
| 18 U.S.C.§3771 | 116 |
| 28 U.S.C.§112 | 192 |
| 28 U.S.C.§112(b) | 192,200 |
| 28 U.S.C.§1861 et seq. | 193,194 |
| 28 U.S.C.§1863(a) | 194 |
| 28 U.S.C.§1863(b)(6) | 195 |
| 28 U.S.C.§1865(b) | 194 |
XXV¶
EFTA00039446¶
| 28 U.S.C.§1869(e) | 198,200 |
| 28 U.S.C.§81 | 192 |
| New York Penal Law§130.55 | 155 |
| Pub.L.No.101-647 | 24 |
| Pub.L.No.103-322 | 24 |
| Pub.L.No.108-21 | 25 |
| Pub.L.No.109-162 | 25 |
| Pub.L.No.109-248 | 25 |
Rules¶
| Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)(6) | 99 |
| Fed. R. Civ. P 56 | 153 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 14(a) | 157 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 16 | 200 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 21 | 221 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 5(f) | 206 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 6(e) | 88 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 7 | 168 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(c)(1) | 168 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(d) | 177 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 7(f) | 192 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 8(a) | 156 |
| Fed. R. Crim. P. 8(a) | 156 |
| Fed. R. Evid. 402 | 183 |
| Fed. R. Evid. 403 | 183,185 |
| Fed. R. Evid. 404(b)(2) | 184 |
| Fed. R. Evid. 801 | 210 |
| N.Y.R.P.C.3.7(b) | 166 |
| Rule 14 | 157 |
| Rule 404(b) | 186 |
Other Authorities¶
| 149 Cong. Rec. S 5137 | 30 |
| 149 Cong. Rec. S 5147 | 30 |
| H.R. Conf. Rep. No. 108-66 | 29 |
| Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals, | |
| 71 Harv. L. Rev. 593 (1958) | 130 |
| Sexual Abuse Prosecutions, | |
| 77 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 1 (1986) | 24 |
xxvi¶