# IN THE CIRCUIT !COURT OF THE FIFTEENTH JUDICIAI, CIRCUIT IN AND FOR PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA CA FLORIDA HQLDINOS, LLC, Publisher of THE PALM BEACH POST, Plaintiff, v. DAVE ARONBERG, as State Attorney of Palm Beach County, Florida; SHARON R. BOCK, as Clerk and Comptroller of Palm Beach County, Florida, Defendants. CASE NO,: 50-2019-CA4014681,X=C-MB Div.: AO # FIRST AMENDED COM 4PLA),\_ILNT , CA Florida Holdings, LLC, publisher o IlicalA Beach Post, for, its First Amended to 14rney / Complaint against Dave Aronberg, the S for Palm Beach County, Florida, in his official capacity ("State Attorney"), . Bock, the Clerk of the Court for Palm Beach County, Florida, in her official a 9. ourt Clerk"), alleges as follows: # JURISDICTION - within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Circuit Court pursuant to - Xi) and 86.011 et seq. - 1. This is Fla. Stat. Secti TS '6.012 , # PARTIES - 0 The Palm Beach Post is a daily community newspaper published by Plaintiff:CA Florida.I1oldings, LLC, with offices located at 2751 S. Dixie Highway, West Palm Beach, Florida. - 3. Defendant Dave .Aronberg is the duly elected State Atkiiney for the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit in and for Palm :Beach County, Florida, pursuant to Ha. Shat. Section 27.01 and has .authority in grand jury proceedings pursuant toPla. Stat. Section 27.04. He is sued herein in Party JOINT his official capacity as his office is in possession and/or control of documents that are the subject of this action. Defendant Sharon R. Bock is the duly elected Clerk and Comptroller of Palm Beach County, Florida. She is sued herein in her official capacity as her office is in possession and/or control of documents that are the subject of this action. # INTRODUCTION AA' 5. In what is now widely if belatedly recognized as a colossal mis e of justice which led to the further needless victimization of countless young girl C r) n — a wealthy, politically connected, and powerful financier was not held accountab , nor even forced to confront, allegations of serious sex trafficking crimes. Whil that Jeffrey Epstein's 2008 deal with the State of Florida was not consistent with ce gathered against him, what remains shrouded in mystery is how that eviden w resented — and the extent to which it was presented — to the grand jury that returned a ict nt far more limited in scope than expected ./-=== and deserved. .7' ' 8ty Through this ac L .0Yi, e ahn Beach Post seeks public access to the testimony, minutes, and other evidence pr d in 2006 to the Palm Beach County grand jury empaneled during the first Epstein s apse investigation. Typically, access to such materials is limited, for example, in ord revent the flight of those whose indictment may be contemplated and their ability t r destroy evidence; to ensure jurors' candor in deliberations; and to protect an accuse s later exonerated. However, these factors are inapplicable here. Also, Florida law expressly authorizes the disclosure of grand jury proceedings under certain circumstances, including, as here, in the furtherance of justice. Fla. Stat. § 905.27(I)(c). 7. It can no longer credibly be maintained that continued blanket secrecy over the proceedings that led to the egregiously flawed 2006 Epstein indictment is warranted under the law. To the contrary, transparency is required to promote public understanding of the criminal justice system and public confidence in the fair administration of justice. As detailed below, Epstein was accused of sexually abusing and trafficking dozens of women and girls in south Florida (among other locations) over a period of several years while exploiting his wealth and political connections to obstruct the administration of justice at every turn. Public disclosure of the Epstein grand jury proceedings will shed light on the extent to which those in our government entrusted-IVth the solemn responsibility of enforcing our criminal laws equally as to all citizens their duties in this instance. Justice will be furthered where it is either (I) demonstrated'th ein was treated like others accused of similar heinous crimes, or (2) as appears more I key/to be the case, those who chose to give Epstein favorable - "unusual," in the words own of Palm Beach Police Chief - treatment, are exposed and held accountable. From Wimited information is now in the public domain, the State Attomey's referral of Epsteiif s case to the grand jury — which would be > out of the ordinary for this type of case rise to a strong inference of favoritism and corresponding disregard for the right / 9 inor victims of Epstein's sex trafficking. Access to the grand jury materials will all theprutil c to determine whether the grand jury process, and the .( secrecy that comes with it, was to further justice or, instead, operated to shield Epstein and his co-conspirators from e nsequences of their criminal activities. Accordingly, Fla. Stat. Section 905.27 ut zes the disclosure of Epstein's 2006 grand jury proceedings in the absence of such a statutory basis, this Court is empowered to order public sc osure pursuant to its inherent authority and supervisory powers over the grand jury. Indeed, courts throughout the country in the past several decades have ordered the disclosure of high-profile grand jury proceedings pursuant to their inherent authority where the public's interest in those proceedings has outweighed the general need for secrecy. This is particularly so where, as here, many of the details of Epstein's criminal misdeeds have already been made available in the public domain through extensive news reporting by, among others, The Palm Beach Post; by the many civil suits brought against Epstein and his co-conspirators; and by the victims themselves. 9. In recognition of the sensitivity of the materials being sought, and in the interest of protecting any victims who wish to remain anonymous, The Palm Beach Post has no objection to copies of the testimony, minutes, and other evidence presented in 2006 to the Palm Beach' County = , grand jury first being submitted to this Court for in camera review, where t be redacted, as appropriate, to protect those who deserve such protection. # FACTUAL BACKGROUND 10. The following facts were gathered, in large part, from documents obtained by The Palm Beach Post through various Florida Public Records Law requests, documents unsealed or publicly available in other related judicial proceedings, and information and documents in the public record. # A. First Epstein Sex Crimes investigation, Indictment, and Plea Agreement: 200.5-2008. 11. The investigation into Epstein's sex crimes began more than fourteen years ago, when a 14-year-old girl' tepmother reported to police in the Town of Palm Beach, Florida, that Epstein and othe ho wprked for him arranged for her to give Epstein a "massage." Epstein required th stlrp, exposed himself, and masturbated while touching her. The girl was paid \$300. Ep~t@i1R4as 52 years old at the time. Following this initial report in 2005, the Town of Palm Beach Police, and later, in 2006, the FBI, investigated Epstein. Interviews under oath with five additional alleged victims and seventeen witnesses revealed that the events described by the 14-year-old girl occurred, with disturbingly similar details, with each of the other victims. 13. Both the victim/witness interviews, as well as evidence retrieved following a search of Epstein's home, showed that some of the girls involved were under the age of 18. The police search of Epstein's residence also found two hidden cameras and, throughout the house, large numbers of nude photos of girls, including victims whom the police had not interviewed in the course of their investigation. 14. In March 2006, a State grand jury was scheduled at which all of th s were expected to testify. The proceeding was postponed, however, due to meetinc re een the State Attorney's office and Epstein's prominent criminal defense lawyer n!!• .1 friend, Alan Dershowitz. 15. Another grand jury was convened in April 2 'ow canceled the day before it was to begin receiving evidence. z1-k, # (1) Police Chief Reiter's Letter to the State Attorney. 16. On May I, 2006, Town of(Pairtt Bach Police Chief Michael Reiter wrote a "personal and confidential" letter toA 61; e1m Beach County State Attorney, Barry Krischer, stating: I must renew my pno rvation to you that I continue to find your office's treatment of [the Epstein] cases highly unusual. It is regrettable that I am forced to communicate in this manner, but my most recent telephone calls to you and those of the lead- detective to your assigned attorneys have been unanswered and messages remain unreturned. After giving this much thought and consideration, I must urge you to era mine the unusual course that your office's handling of this matter has taken and consider if good and sufficient reason exists to require your disqualification from the prosecution of these cases (Emphasis supplied) 17. Chief Reiter's letter to State Attorney Krischer enclosed the Town of Palm Beach Police Department's probable cause affidavits charging Epstein and two of his assistants with multiple counts of unlawful sex acts with a minor and one count of sexual abuse, and requested that either an arrest warrant be issued for Epstein or the State Attorney directly initiate the charges against him, which would be public. # (2) The July 2006 State Grand Jury Presentation. 18. Instead, State Attorney Krischer elected to refer the case to a grand jury, which is mandatory for capital cases but rarely used for all other crimes. According to an official spokesperson, this was the first time that a sex crimes case was presented to a gran n Palm Beach County 19. In July 2006, after State Attorney Krischer presented tes C• evidence from one victim, the grand jury returned an indictment on a sole count of • ',Lion of prostitution. There is no mention in the indictment of the victim being a 20. On information and belief, a second of st ictims was supposed to testify before the grand jury, but was unable to attend b st \ a of a school exam. 21. No reasonable explanation h a's n ,provided as to why the numerous other known victims were not presented as witness daime victims to the grand jury convened in July 2006. Nor has any reasonable explan tton initially eager to investigate an ct \_proSecute Epstein for his crimes, over time lost the desire to do trprovided as to why State Attorney Krischer, who was so. 22. who tes • ormation and belief, during the grand jury appearance of the single victim State Attorney presented evidence that vilified the victim and attacked her credibila,yRcluding soliciting testimony regarding underage drinking and questionable personal behavior that was unrelated to the charges against Epstein. Further upon information and belief, this information was initially brought to the attention of the State Attorney's office by Epstein's defense counsel. charges. 25. Instead, then U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of lorida, exander Acosta, V negotiated a plea deal with Epstein's team of lawyers to gran nity to Epstein (along with four named co-conspirators and any unnamed potential c pt ors) from all federal criminal # (3) The FBI's Investigation and Epstein's Non-Prosecution Agreement With Federal Authorities. 23. On information and belief, following the deficient July 2006 indictment, and with Chief Reiter's encouragement, the FBI began its own investigation of Epstein. 24. Records unsealed in 2015 revealed that the FBI compiled reports on "34 confirmed minors" that were victims of Epstein's sexual predations. Based on evidence gathered Ai; the FBI, a 53-page indictment was prepared by the U.S. Attorney's Office in June 2007. ever, at the request of Epstein's lawyers, the indictment was never presented to a feder 1 fy• 26. Throughout the remainder oft c Sltr rough the first half of 2008, Epstein's lawyers and the U.S. Attorney continu otia g the plea arrangement. Upon information and belief, Epstein's lawyers insist h the victims not be notified, (2) the deal be kept confidential and under seal, a rand jury subpoenas (including one that had already been issued for Epstein's co it 40t. as) be withdrawn. 7 27. O ne 30 2008, Epstein pled guilty to State charges: one count of solicitation of prostitutio e hunt of solicitation of prostitution with a minor under the age of 18. He was sente ce onths in jail, followed by a year of community control or house arrest, and was adjudicat as a convicted sex offender required to register twice a year in Florida. 28. The plea deal, called a non-prosecution agreement (`NPA"), allowed Epstein to receive immunity from federal sex-trafficking charges that could have sent him to prison for life. On information and belief, based on public records, former State Attorney Krischer communicated with then U.S. Attorney Acosta concerning the NPA's negotiation with Epstein's lawyers. 29. Indeed, Epstein was not incarcerated in a Florida prison for the State crimes for which he was convicted. instead, he was placed in a private wing of the Palm Beach County Stockade, where, after 3 12 months, he was allowed to leave the jail on "work release" for up to 12 hours a day, 6 days a week. His private driver provided his transportation to and kornicwork." ze—NI 30. Epstein was released five months early. 31. Upon information and belief, Epstein violated the terms:of his\_probation, but was not prosecuted # (4) The Crime Victims' Rights A5.1 Litigation. 32. Epstein's victims only learned after the fact about his plea in State court and filed an emergency petition to force federal prosecutors toceimply with the Crime Victims' Rights Act /- \\ (18 U.S.C. § 3771, "CVRA"), which mandattieertainc\*rights for crime victims, including the right to be informed about plea agreements inclitheyright to appear at sentencing. U.S. District Judge < 1/.. "), Kenneth A. Marra recently ruleditha e ral prosecutors violated the CVRA by failing to notify Epstein's victims before allowkhith to plead guilty to only the two State offenses. 33. The pros s failure to keep the victims apprised, among other things, also contravenes th da Constitution, Article 1, § 16(b) and Fla. Stat. § 960.001. 34 owing publicity exposing the extraordinary leniency of the plea deal, dozens of civil Hsatril4i re brought against Epstein, most of which Epstein's lawyers settled out-of-court. 35. In 2010, Epstein was registered as a "level three" (i.e., high risk of repeat offense) sex offender in New York, a lifelong designation. In 2011, the New York County District Attorney's office unsuccessfully sought to lower his registration to low-risk "level one." 36. Upon information and belief, during the course of the Town of Palm Beach and FBI investigations, Epstein retained private investigators to follow, harass, and photograph his victims and their families, as well as Chief Reiter and the Town of Palm Beach detective who investigated the case against Epstein. 37. Upon information and belief, Epstein's victims were threatened against c perating with law enforcement and told that they would be compensated only if they did not e te with law enforcement. # B. Second Epstein Sex Crimes Investigation, Indictment. Si 38. On July 6, 2019, Epstein was arrested on federal sex tra%14/ 142g charges. 39. Upon information and belief, the United Stat allegations and charges stemmed, in part, from contin ent's investigation of new nvestigations into and reporting on the mishandling of the 2006 charges and the \ ' i its that followed 40. In a July 8, 2019, letter to t era district court by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York, Epst cribed as "a serial sexual predator who preyed on dozens of minor girls over ape ." The letter emphasized that "the Government has real concerns — grounded in past ex ce with this defendant — that if allowed to remain out on bail, the defendant could atter t pressure and intimidate witnesses and potential witnesses in this case, including s and their families, and otherwise attempt to obstruct justice." It also described the res Its of the FBI's search of Epstein's Manhattan townhouse: evidence of sex \ trafficking in-the form of "hundreds — and perhaps thousands — of sexually suggestive photographs of fully- or partially-nude females," including underage females. In a locked safe, compact discs were found with handwritten labels including the descriptions: "Young [Name] + [Name]," "Misc nudes 1," and "Girl pits nude." 41. On July 8, 2019, prosecutors with the Public Corruption Unit of the U.S. Attorney's office for the Southern District of New York charged Epstein with sex trafficking and conspiracy to traffic minors for sex. The grand jury indictment alleges that "dozens" of underage girls were brought into Epstein's mansions for sexual encounters. A few days later, owing to public outcry over the NPA with Epstein entered into by the U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, Alexander Acosta, who by then was serving as U.S. Secretary of Labor ir&tiwi Trump administration, resigned from office. 42. Epstein was denied bail and was placed into pretrial/detettio at the federal Metropolitan Correction Center in lower Manhattan 43. On or about August 6, 2019, Florida Gov. Sadtis ordered a state criminal / probe into the actions of the Palm Beach Sheriff andforr4ezAiate Attorney Krischer for their handling of the Epstein underage sex trafficking easeX\ 44. On August 10, 2019, Epstein was found dead in his cell at the Metropolitan Correctional Center. His cause of d'IliM -determined to be suicide. # C. The August 27, 20O.-SDhirilearine: Epstein's Victims Speak. 45. On account of Ais,death, prosecutors sought to dismiss the indictment against Epstein, while maintaini they would continue to investigate his co-conspirators. 46. nt States Senior District Judge Richard M. Berman ordered a hearing on August on the prosecutors' decision to dismiss the indictment and allowed victims to spec tt e caring 47. In the course of the hearing, more than two dozen victims delivered their personal stories of pain, frustration, and sexual abuse at the hands of Epstein. Several victims spoke of violent rape by Epstein. Many more victims were present in the courtroom but did not testify. ; 48. While some questioned the reasoning behind the court's decision to give the victims voice after Epstein's death, District Judge Berman noted that "a public hearing is [the] preferred vehicle of resolution," emphasizing that "public hearings are exactly what judges do. Hearings promote transparency and they provide the court with insights and information which the court may not otherwise be aware of." Indeed, even Epstein's defense lawyer noted at the hearing that the court "is the institution that most people have confidence in, in these very troub 49. At the August 27th hearing, the girls, now women, spoke abo "exploitation d\*e to speak on [their) and coercion," and to the fact that many of them "were in very vulnerabl C and in extreme 11 poverty, circumstances where [they] didn't have anyone on [their] behalf...." One victim lamented that "as a victim, [she] nev .ee what the agreement was or why the special treatment got approved" in the Fl ears earlier. Another noted how "completely different" the investigators leadin 9\ o 2019 federal indictment were from the prosecutors in the Florida case, both in then rea ent of her and their investigation of her /--- , victimization by Z Epstein. \---- 50. A former federCjb - Attendance at the August 27th hearing emphasized that "transparency is one of the oveiTidi4 objectives in our criminal justice system." 51. Nearly all t e victims expressed the conviction that the secrecy that shielded Epstein has ca islfriem "irreparable harm" and that an opportunity to address his criminal wrongd those of the individuals who enabled his sexual racketeering, would allow for at leaiticime measure of justice to be served after his death. Indeed, one victim stated: "Any efforts made to protect Epstein's name and legacy send a message to the victims that he wins and that he is untouchable." Another victim expressed fear that this is a world "where there are predators in power, a world where people can avoid justice if their pockets run deep enough." In short, the "unusual" treatment Epstein received in Florida in 2006 based on his wealth, social status, and connections severely eroded the public's faith in the integrity and impartiality of the criminal justice system. # D. The Palm Beach Post's Standing and the Public Interest. # (1) The Palm Beach Post Has Reported Extensively On Epstein's Crimes For Nearly 15 Years. 52. Plaintiff, The Palm Beach Post, is a community newspaper serving readers in Palm Beach County and the Treasure Coast vicinity. 53. The Palm Beach Post has been a Pulitzer Prize winner and noniinated as a finalist y, three other times. \_7` \ -- , -"..\ 1,4/ i) 54. Beginning in 2004, The Palm Beach Post hace:atensively investigated and reported on the allegations against, the law enforcement in s ig ,c of, and the crimes committed by, Epstein and his co-conspirators. The News p ilfils " ortage has included publication of the following articles: - "The Man Who Had Eycyjiii Jeffrey Epstein Craved Big Homes, Elite Friends and Investi ators Say, Underage Girls.," published on August 14, 2006, reporting that: a local community college student, admitted in a sworn statement to police that "she had taken at least six girls to visit Epstein, all between the ages of 14 and 16;" Palm Beach Police "interviewed five alleged victims and 17 witnesses;" "Dershowitz, the Harvard law professor, traveled to West Palm Beach with information about the girls," including social media discussions about "their use of alcohol and Eirijuana," . after meeting with Epstein's legal team, "prosecutors postponed their decision lo- take the case to a grand jury;" Palm Beach Police subsequently "received A semplaints that two of the victims or their families had been harassed or threatened;" "\*Iations between police and prosecutors were fraying" as the investigation continued; ditd "one girl who was subpoenaed — the one who said she had sexual intercourse with Epstein — never showed up" to testify before the grand jury. - "Trump Snags Gosman Estate for 541 Million" published on November 16, 2004, reporting on the bidding war between Donald Trump and Jeffrey Epstein for the purchase of a "43,000-square-foot, seven-bedroom estate on 6 oceanfront acres along the storied `Raider's Row' " in Palm Beach. - “Indictment: Billionaire Solicited 3 Times” published on July 25, 2006, reporting that “Billionaire money manager and Palm Beach part-time resident Jeffrey Epstein solicited or procured prostitutes three or more times between Aug. 1 and Oct. 31 of last year, according to an indictment charging him with felony solicitation of prostitution.” The article further reported that “Epstein’s case is unusual in that suspected prostitution johns are usually charged with a misdemeanor, and even a felony charge is typically made in a criminal information – an alternative to an indictment charging a person with the commission of a crime.” - “After Long Probe, Billionaire Faces Solicitation Charge” published on July 26, 2006, reporting that “Palm Beach police thought there was probable cause to charge Epstein with unlawful sex acts with a minor and lewd and lascivious molestation.” The article further reported that “Police Chief Michael Reiter was so angry with State Attorney Barry Krischer’s handling of the case that he wrote a memo suggesting the county’s top prosecutor disqualify himself,” and identified a 20-year-old on-the-record female source who said “she gave Epstein a massage in the nude, then brought him six girls, ages 14 to 16, for massage and sex-tinged sessions at his home.” - “Police Say Lawyer Tried to Discredit Teenage Girls” published on July 29, 2006, reporting that “[f]amed Harvard law professor Alan Dershowitz met with the Palm Beach County State Attorney’s Office and provided damaging information about teenage girls who say they gave his client, Palm Beach billionaire Jeffrey Epstein, sexually charged massages” and that “[t]he state attorney’s office said it presented the Epstein case to a county grand jury this month rather than directly charging Epstein because of concerns about the girls’ credibility.” - “Expert: Ignorance of Age Isn’t Defense In Sex Cases” published on August 5, 2006, reporting that “[r]ather than file charges, the state attorney’s office presented the case to a county grand jury” which “indicted Epstein last week on a single, less serious charge of felony solicitation of prostitution,” and that “[t]he case raised eyebrows because the state attorney’s office rarely, if ever, kicks such charges to a grand jury.” - “Epstein Camp Calls Female Accusers Liars” published on August 8, 2006, reporting that “[a] state attorney’s spokesman would say only that the office refers cases to the grand jury when there are issues with the viability of the evidence or witnesses’ credibility.” - “Palm Beach Chief Focus of Fire In Epstein Case” published on August 14, 2006, reporting that Chief Reiter “pressed for Epstein to be charged with the more serious crimes of sexual activity with minors” and “slammed State Attorney Barry Krischer in blunt language seldom used by one law enforcement official with another because of what he perceived as that office’s mishandling of the case.” - “Delays In Epstein Case Unusual, Lawyers Say” published on March 13, 2007, reporting that “[n]early eight months after Palm Beach tycoon Jeffrey Epstein was charged with felony solicitation of prostitution, there has been no discernible progress in his case.” - “Woman Sues Billionaire Investor, Says They Had Sex When She Was 16” published on October 18, 2007, reporting on a lawsuit brought in New York State court against Epstein “by a young woman who says he had sex with her when she was 16 and had sought his help becoming a model.” - “Palm Beacher Pleads In Sex Case” published on July 1, 2008, reporting that “Epstein, 55, pleaded guilty . . . to felony solicitation of prostitution and procuring a person under the age of 18 for prostitution,” resulting in “a lifelong obligation to register as a sex offender,” and that “[a]s part of the plea deal, federal investigators agreed to drop their investigation of Epstein, which they had taken to a grand jury.” - “Jeffrey Epstein: Scientist, Stuntman, ‘Sex Slave’ Visit Jailed Tycoon” published on August 13, 2008, reporting that “[d]uring his first month of confinement” Epstein was visited by [REDACTED], who allegedly escorted victims “upon their arrival at his Palm Beach waterfront home to an upstairs room, where she prepared the massage table and provided the oils for their encounters” with Epstein, and by [REDACTED], “a young woman whom Epstein purportedly described as his Yugoslavian sex slave.” - “Billionaire Sex Offender Leaves Jail Six Days a Week For Work” published on July 1, 2008, reporting that Epstein “is allowed to leave the Palm Beach County Stockade six days a week on a work-release program.” - “Women Want Epstein Sex Plea Deal Unsealed” published on June 10, 2009, reporting that attorneys for women suing Epstein in various courts “want his [non-prosecution] agreement [NPA] with federal prosecutors unsealed” and were moving to unseal the agreement in Circuit Court of the Fifteenth Judicial Circuit, and that “Epstein now faces at least a dozen civil lawsuits in federal and state courts filed by young women who said they had sex with him and now are seeking damages.” On that date, *The Palm Beach Post* moved to intervene in the matter for the purpose of obtaining public access to the NPA, which was ordered disclosed by this Court on June 25, 2009. - “Epstein’s Secret Pact With Feds Reveals ‘Highly Unusual’ Terms” published on September 19, 2009, reporting that, owing to Epstein’s non-prosecution agreement, “federal prosecutors backed down and agreed to recall grand jury subpoenas if Epstein pleaded guilty to prostitution-related felonies in state court” and “also agreed not to charge any of Epstein’s possible co-conspirators: [REDACTED], [REDACTED], Lesley Groff and [REDACTED].” The article further reported that, according to an attorney representing three of Epstein’s victims, “none of the 30 to 40 wom[e]n identified as victims in the federal investigation” were informed ahead of time about the NPA. - “Judge Rules Epstein Attorneys Can Subpoena Abortion Records” published on January 27, 2010, reporting that “a judge . . . gave lawyers representing multi-millionaire sex offender Jeffrey Epstein the right to subpoena abortion records from women who are seeking millions in damages from the part-time Palm Beach resident.” - "Epstein Journal's Findings Could Resurrect Abuse Case" published on March 20, 2010, reporting that "[a] purloined journal that is said to contain the names of `hundreds' of victims of convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein could be used to reopen the investigation into the multi-millionaire's appetite for teenage girls." - "Epstein Paid Three Women \$5.5 Million to End Underage Sex Lawsuits" published on October 4, 2017, reporting that, according to court documents, Epstein "shelled out \$5.5 million to settle lawsuits with three of more than two dozen teens who sued him." - "Judge Rules Feds' Agreement With Jeffrey Epstein Pact Violated Teen', Victims' Rights" published on February 22, 2019, reporting on a ruling by U.S. District Judge Kenneth Marra that "Federal prosecutors violated the rights of Jeffrey Epstein's teenage victims (under the Crime Victims' Rights Act] by failing to"\tpVeal they had dropped plans to prosecute the billionaire on dozens of federal char\* in connection with the girls' claims that he paid them for sex at his Palm Bcackmanyiion." - "Epstein Indicted On Sex Charges/Pan-Time Palm Reacher Pleads Not Guilty to Sex Trafficking, Conspiracy Charges In Federal Court lrytvlanhattan" published on July 9, 2019, reporting on Epstein's appearance in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York in which he "pleaded not guilty to/ciargesaceusing him of creating a vast network of girls as young as 14 that he exptjII